Imvume Ezisuselwe Ezindimeni Zezithimba ZezeNkampani Zokuxhumana: Umhlahlandlela we-RBAC

Imvume ezisuselwe ezindimeni iyindlela eqondile yokunikeza abantu amandla okwenza imisebenzi abayidingayo nokuvimbela imisebenzi abangafanele bayenze. Ezithimbeni ze-social media eziphethe amabhulandi amaningi, i-RBAC esebenza kahle ivimbela ukuvuza kokubusa ngenkathi ivumela ukuthumela okusheshayo. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi wakhe kanjani i-RBAC: indima kufanele imele imisebenzi yangempela, imigoqo yokugunyaza kufanele yekele ubungozi obwamukelekayo bentengo yebhizinisi, futhi amarekhodi okufakazela kufanele anikeze ababheka emuva nalabo abamthetho konke abakudingayo.

I-RBAC enhle iqala ngengqikithi ecacile: inhloso akusiyo ukwenza i-matrix yemvume engapheli, inhloso ukukhipha ukudideka ekwenzeni izinqumo ngokugcina ukulawula lapho ibhizinisi lilindele khona. Uma uhlelwa kahle, i-RBAC iyasusa imisebenzi ephindaphindiwe, isheshisa ukugunyazwa, icacise ubunikazi, futhi idale amarekhodi abuyekezwayo abonisa ubani owenza ini. Uma ibekwe kabi, idala izinqamuleli, ikhuthaze amathuluzi angaphandle, futhi iphoqe izithimba ukuthi zicele ukufinyelela okungadingekile ezimweni ezijwayelekile.

Kungani i-RBAC ibalulekile ezingeni lenkampani

Amaqembu amancane avamise ukusebenza ngokwethembana okuqondile nolwazi oludluliselwe. Izithimba zenkampani zihluke. Amabhulandi amaningi, izifunda ezahlukahlukene, nabalingani bangaphandle bandisa inani labantu abadinga ukufinyelela eziteshini. Ngaphandle kwe-RBAC, izithimba zivame ukuphumelela ngezindlela ezimbili ezingalungile: noma ukufinyelela kuba banzi kakhulu bese kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa, noma ukufinyelela kuba ncane kakhulu futhi konke kudinga imvume ngesandla okususa ijubane lomkhankaso.

I-RBAC ibalulekile ngoba ibeka ubungozi bebhizinisi embonweni owodwa. Ifanisa imingcele yebhizinisi, imithetho yebhrendi, namandla okushicilela ibe yisethi yemithetho elula. Isekela ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi, abagunyazi abacacile ezingeni elihlukile lengozi, nokusondeza imisebenzi evamile yokulawula. Futhi isiza imibiko nokuhambisana ngoba imodeli ezisuselwe ezindimeni inikezela ngezinombolo ezinemqondo: bangaki abahleli kumabhulandi, obani abagunyaze kanjani ngesikhathi somkhankaso, noma yiziphi izimakethe ezidinga ukubhekwa ngeso elikhethekile.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: i-RBAC akuyona into ye-IT kuphela. Ivela ezinqumweni zabantu abanezabelo ezahlukene. Ithimba lokumaketha, abameli, ibhrendi, nabaphathi bemisebenzi kumele bachaze ubungozi abulukelayo nokuthi yibaphi abantu abanegunya. Uma ubuholi bubheka i-RBAC njengomsebenzi wakuma-marketing ops kuphela, imithetho izoba ebuthakathaka noma ezitolo. Bheka i-RBAC njengendlela yokuklama ukubusa, ukuze abantu balandele imithetho ngaphandle kokudideka.

Ukwakha izindima nemikhawulo yezithimba eziphethe amabhulandi amaningi

Ukuhlelela izindima kuqala ngokucacisa izinto ezimbili: ikhono nokwakhiwa kwesibalo. Ikhono limusho ukuthi yiziphi izenzo le ndima engavumela ukuzenza. Amakhono avamile ahlanganisa ukubhala, ukuhlelela, ukushicilela ngqo, ukuhlela okuthunyelwe okushicilelwe, ukuphendula amazwana, ukuphatha izinsiza, nokugunyaza okuqukethwe. Isibalo sisho ukuthi indima isebenza kuphi: yimaphi amabhulandi, iziteshi, nezimakethe.

Ungakhethi izindima ngokususelwa kumuntu oyedwa. Kunalokho, dala isethi encane yezindima ezijwayelekile ezimele imisebenzi: umdali, umhleli, umgunyazi, umshicileli, umhlaziyi, nomphathi wesiteshi. Chaza indima ngayinye kafushane ngemakhono futhi uyihlanganise nezici zesibalo. Lokhu kugcina imodeli incane futhi kulula ukuyilungisa.

Isibonelo sokuhlela ku-agency ephatha amabhulandi amaningi:

• Umdali: udala amabhloki okuqukethwe futhi afake izinsiza ezibekiwe zamabhulandi neziteshi.
• Umhleli: alungisa okuqukethwe, ashintshe izinsiza, futhi athumele isicelo sokugunyazwa ngaphakathi kwesibalo esinikeziwe.
• Umgunyazi: agunyaze okuqukethwe futhi asayine ukuhambisana nebhhrendi kanye nokuhlolwa komthetho.
• Umshicileli: ashicilele okuqukethwe okugunyaziwe eziteshini ezibukhoma futhi alungise izhejuli.
• Umphathi wesiteshi: uphathe amatokheni, ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi, nokuxhumeka kwesiteshi kumabhulandi abekiwe.

Gwema i-matrix yokwenza indima ngayinye yomsebenzisi. Leyo ndlela iba nzima ukuphatha futhi idala imvume eziningi ezingalungile. Xhuma abantu ezindimeni ezijwayelekile bese uphatha izimo ezikhethekile njengezinikezelo zesikhashana ezinamasevisi agcwele, hhayi izindima eziqhubekayo.

Isibalo kufanele sicace futhi sibe nezici eziningana. Izici ezijwayelekile zifaka ibhrendi, uhlobo lwesiteshi (organic noma paid), imakethe noma isifunda, kanye nezinye izingxenye zebhizinisi. Modelela isibalo njengezici, hhayi amagama endima, ukuze indima efanayo isetshenziswe kumhlanganiso ohlukile we-brand-market.

Kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kokugxila nokuzimela kwendawo. Ukugxila kunciphisa ukuphindaphindwa futhi kwenza ukubusa kube lula. Ukuzimela kwendawo kusheshisa futhi kungaba nefaneleka. Hlakulela lokhu ngokunikeza igunya lokugcina lokushicilela nge-band lengozi. Okuqukethwe okungenengozi enkulu kungashicilelwa izithimba zendawo. Okuqukethwe okunengozi enkulu, njengezitatimende ezilawulwa umthetho noma imiyalezo eyimpendulo yomkhiqizo, kudinga ukusayinwa kumgunyazi osezingeni eliphakathi. Beka le mithetho emigqeni yokugunyaza ukuze ubone ukuthi yiziphi izindima ezidingekayo ekugunyazeni.

Imigoqo yokugunyaza, amaphethini omsebenzi, nokunyukela phezulu

Imigoqo yokugunyaza ichaza ubungozi obamukelekayo kanye nendlela yokulawula imisebenzi. Imigoqo emihle iyafana nemithetho yenkampani futhi kufanele yenziwe ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Yakha imigoqo ngezigaba zokuqukethwe, hhayi kuphela ngokulandela izindima. Faka ilebula kumphahla wokuqukethwe njengokungenengozi, okuphakathi nengozi, noma okuphezulu ngokususelwa ezimisweni ezifana nobungozi bomthetho, izimangalo zomkhiqizo, noma ulimi olungavunyelwe emakethe. Lokhu kuqondisa ukuthi imigoqo izobiza kanjani ukugunyazwa.

Amaphethini avamile okugunyazwa ezithimbeni zezentengiso zenkampani:

1. Ukugunyazwa kwesinyathelo esisodwa kweposi elingenengozi: umhleli noma umgunyazi wendawo angashicilela ngokushesha.
2. Ukugunyazwa kwesinyathelo sesibili kweposi eliphakathi nengozi: umdali uthumela, umhleli ulungisa, umgunyazi uyasayina, bese umshicileli ahlela noma athumele.
3. Ukugunyazwa kwekhempathi kweposi eliphezulu nengozi: okuqukethwe kudluliselwa kubabuyekezi abaningi kuhlanganisa abameli nabaphathi bebhhrendi, kudinga isignisho kusuka kubo bonke ababambiqhaza.

Ukunyukela phezulu kufanele kucace. Lapho umgunyazi engatholakali, isistimu kumele inikeze abaguquleli abachaziwe, hhayi izindlela zokuzama ezifana nokwabelana ngamakhredensiyali. Ukunyukela kungase kube isikhathi esinqunyiwe lapho ukuntuleka kwesiginesha ngaphakathi kwesikhathi kuthuthela kuye komunye umgunyazi, noma kube uchungechunge lwezindima ezibekwe phambili. Faka nendlela yokuphikela yomuntu ezimeni eziphuthumayo, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimpendulo zibhalwa futhi zibuyekezwe emva kokusebenza.

Kunenzuzo nenengozi. Ukugunyazwa okusheshayo kunciphisa ukubambezeleka kodwa kwandisa amathuba okushicilelwa kwephutha. Ababuyekezi abaningi bakhuphula ukuphepha kepha bandisa isikhathi somjikelezo. Ibhalansi incike engozini yemakethe yakho. Kumikhankaso esheshayo, misela amazinga avumela izithimba zendawo ukusebenzisa amathempulethi acacile angenengozi, ngesikhathi imisebenzi engajwayelekile idinga ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe.

I-UX yokugunyaza ibalulekile. Uma i-UI ifihla umongo, ababuyekezi bazocela imininingwane futhi benze umehluko. Nikeza imininingwane ewusizo ngesicelo ngasinye: iziteshi nezimakethe eziqondiwe, amawindi wesikhathi, izithasiselo nezinguqulo, izigunyazo zangaphambilini zomkhankaso ofanayo, kanye nesizathu sokuthi kungani lokhu kubhekwa njengokuphansi noma okuphezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuxoxisana nokugwema izicelo zolwazi olufanayo.

Amarekhodi okubheka emuva, ukulogi, nokuhambisana

Amarekhodi okubheka emuva awukuphela kwento; ayisidingo somthetho nakho konke okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-RBAC isekela amaqembu omthetho nokuhambisana. Irekhodi kumele libe lihlelekile, lingaguquki kalula, futhi litholakale kalula. Kuwo wonke ushintsho lokuqukethwe, qopha ukuthi ubani oshintshe, yiziphi izindima ababenezazo ngaleso sikhathi, yini eshintshe, futhi kungani. Ngokugunyaza, qopha obani ababuke, nini bagunyaza, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimvo abazishiya.

Inqubomgomo yokugcinwa kwemibhalo idinga ukunqunywa. Izidingo zomthetho ziyahluka ngemakethe nemboni. Chaza izinqubomgomo zokugcina ezifanele izibopho zomthetho, njengezikhathi ezithile zokugcina amarekhodi okugunyaza embonini elawulwayo. Khetha amarekhodi angaguquki noma indawo yokugcina engeyona eguqukayo ukuze i-audit idlule ngaphandle kokungabaza. Uma ukugcina okungaguquki kungasebenzi, gcina ama-hash wokubethela wemibhalo endaweni ephephile ukuze kutholakale uma kwenziwa ukuzama ukuguqula.

Yenza amalogi alula ukuwasebenzisa. Hlinzeka ngemibuzo ezilungiselelwe ku-audit efana no: "Veza wonke ama-posts agunyazwe yi-Legal ku-Q1 we-Brand Y" noma "Bala zonke iziphambeko ezidlule ezinsukwini ezingama-90 ngomgunyazi." Amathuluzi anhle anciphisa umsebenzi wesandla ngesikhathi sokuhlola futhi enze isistimu ithembeke kakhulu.

Ukugwema ukuphazamiseka, hlukanisa amarekhodi e-audit namalogi okusebenza anesikhashana. Gcina amarekhodi e-audit ahlukanisiwe. Futhi qopha indawo yendima ngesikhathi senzo. Uma umuntu eshintsha indima, irekhodi kumele libonise indima abayibonile ngesikhathi somsebenzi ukuze umlando we-audit ube nencazelo.

Isikali Sokubusa: imodeli yokukhula kwe-RBAC

Ifreyimu elisebenzayo yokuhlela i-RBAC yi-Governance Ladder. Le modeli inokukhula ngezigaba ezinhlanu ezihlanganisa amakhono, ukubusa, nokuzethemba. Izinga ngalinye linezinjongo ezicacile nezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuze udlulele kwelilandelayo.

Izinga 1, Okwenziwe ngezikhathi: Imvume inikezwa isimo ngesimo, ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ama-akhawunti abelana abantu abaningi, futhi kugunyazwa ngesandla nge-imeyili. Inhloso: susa ukufinyelela okungaqondile futhi uqalise ukulawula ama-identity. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo: qinisa ukufaka imininingwane yokungena futhi uhlunge ukuthi ubani onokufinyelela.

Izinga 2, Kuchazwe: Izindima ezisemthethweni ziyatholakala, izibalo sezimiswe kahle, futhi izinqubo zokugunyaza zenzeka ngezandla kodwa zimi kahle. Inhloso: chaza kahle izindima nezici zesibalo. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo: setha izindima ezijwayelekile futhi uzihlanganise nezibalo zebrandi.

Izinga 3, Kulawulwa: Imigoqo yokugunyaza ichazwe ngokwezigaba zokuqukethwe, futhi imvume yesikhashana isebenza. Inhloso: susa ama-akhawunti abelana nabantu abaningi futhi usebenzise ukuqedwa kwesikhashana. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo: sebenzisa imvume ephakanyisiwe enesikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi ucele isizathu sezimvume ezingajwayelekile.

Izinga 4, Kuzenzakalayo: Ukugunyazwa, ukunyukela phezulu, nokunikezwa kwezindima kuhambisana nabahlinzeki be-identity ne-CIAM. Inhloso: yehlisa izinyathelo ngezandla futhi uqinisekise imithetho yokugcinwa. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo: xhuma ne-SSO futhi wenze izinguquko zezindima ngokuzenzakalela ezimisweni ze-HR.

Izinga 5, Ngokuzimela: Izithimba zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemithetho, izicelo ezingajwayelekile ziyinqaba, futhi ukuqapha kusiza ukuthola izexwayiso kusenesikhathi. Inhloso: guqula imithetho ibe ikhodi ukuze ukubusa kusebenze njalo. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo: bheka imithetho yokuhlukanisa kokuqukethwe ibe yikhodi futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kwemigomo ngezikhathi.

Sebenzisa i-Governance Ladder ukulandelela intuthuko. Iningi lenkampani kufanele lihlose Izinga 3 phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili, bese lidlulela Ezingeni 4 njengoba ukuzenzakalelayo kobunikazi nokuhlanganiswa kuthuthuka. Ungasheshi ekuzenzakaleleni ngaphandle kokuchaza kahle izindima; lokhu kungadala amaphutha. Tshalela isikhathi esanele ekuhlelweni Kwesigaba 2 ukuze uvimbele izinkinga uma usuzama ukuzenzakalelayo.

Amaphethini wokusebenzisa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka

Ukusebenza kwe-RBAC enkampanini kumayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi kanye nenqubomgomo. Lezi zindlela ezisebenza kakhulu:

1. Umthombo owodwa weqiniso. Xhuma ne-SSO yenkampani nangohlelo lwe-HR ukuze ubunikazi bomsebenzisi nezindima zitholakale kumthombo owodwa. Lokhu kugwema ukufinyelela okungasebenzi lapho abantu bekhishwa noma beshintsha amathimba.

2. Isibalo esisekelwe ezincazelweni. Esikhundleni sokudala indima ngayinye ye-brand-market, sebenzisa izici ezifana ne-brand, imakethe, nohlobo lwesiteshi ezixhunyiwe kumsebenzisi. Ukuhlanganisa ikhono lendima nezici kukhiqiza imvume esebenzayo.

3. Imvume yesikhashana. Vumela imvume ephakanyisiwe enesikhathi esinqunyiwe ukuze iphele ngokuzenzakalela. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokufuna imvume njalo.

4. Ukugunyazwa okusekelwe emithethweni. Chaza imithetho yokugunyazwa ehlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kokuqukethwe nendima ukuze kutholakale abagunyazi. Sebenzisa le mithetho njengezimiso ezilula ukuze kube lula ukuyihlola nokuyiguqula.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa namatoken wokushicilela nokuphathwa kweziteshi. Gcina amatoken eziteshi ephathwe ngabaphathi beziteshi. Ungatshengisi amatoken kubasebenzisi bonke. Ukushicilelwa okusekelwe ezindimeni kufanele kusebenze nomphathi wetoken ukuze kugunyazwe ukuthi yiziphi izindima ezingashicilela.

Amapulatifomu okufaka ohlelweni avamise ukufaka i-SSO, i-directory ye-HR, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza zokudala, i-DAM, amapulatifomu we-analytics, nezinhlelo zokuhlola zomthetho. Hlela ukuhlanganiswa ukuze ubunikazi nezibalo kusungulwe kusenesikhathi. Uma ubunikazi lungalungiswa kuqala, uzoba nezinkinga zokuxhumanisa abantu ezindaweni ezimbili futhi ukuvumelanisa kufinyeleleke kube nzima.

Izingozi ezijwayelekile:

• Ukuqhuma kwezindima: izindima eziningi kakhulu ezincane zenza ukuphathwa kube nzima. Dala izindima ezihlanganisiwe usebenzise izici zesibalo.
• Amathuluzi angaphandle: uma i-RBAC iba yinkimbinkimbi, izithimba zakha amathuluzi angaphandle. Hlonza amaphuzu obuhlungu bese uthuthukisa i-UX yemisebenzi evame.
• Imvume engasusiwe: abantu bagcina ukufinyelela ngemuva kokushintsha amaqembu. Xhuma imijikelezo ye-HR ukuze uphathe ukuqedwa ngokuzenzakalela.
• Ukweqa ukugunyaza: abasebenzisi benza izindlela ezingekho emthethweni njengokwabelana ama-akhawunti. Susa izindlela ezikhuthaza ukudlula, futhi nikeza amathempulethi alula nezindlela ezisheshayo zokushicilela okuvunyelwe.

Isibonelo senkampani: umthengisi wamazwe amaningi wayenendlela yokugunyazwa ehlukene emakethe ngayinye. Lokhu kwaqhuba ukuphindaphindwa kwamarekhodi nokungahambisani komthetho. Bahlakulela imodeli yezindima evamile, badala izici zebhrendi nezimakethe zesibalo, futhi basekela imvume yesikhashana yemiklamo. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukunyukela phezulu kwehla futhi isikhathi sokushicilela sathuthuka ngo-30%.

Esinye isibonelo: inkampani yezezimali elawulwa kakhulu yasungula ukugunyazwa kwekhempathi kuzo zonke izikhangiso zempahla. Lokhu kwakudala ukuvaleka. Ithimba lakhulisa umtapo wamatempulethi wemikhankaso ejwayelekile futhi lachaza imithetho yokuhlukanisa kokuqukethwe ukuze okuqukethwe okusemathempulethini kudinge umgunyazi oyedwa we-Legal. Lokhu kwagcina inkampani ihambisana futhi kwehlisa isikhathi somjikelezo.

Qopha izabelo zezindima njengesigameko. Yonke into oshintsha encazelweni yezindima, esibalo, noma ubunikazi kumele kube yisaziso esiqoshiwe nesinesizathu. Lokhu kusiza ukubusa nokusekela izingxoxo zangaphandle.

Uhlu lokuhlola lohlelo lokuqala lwe-RBAC lwezinsuku eziyi-90

Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-90 gwema ukuqhuma: hlanganisa abasebenzisi abakhona, iziteshi, nabantu abanezinzuzo zokushicilela; chaza izindima ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ezisemthethweni bese uhlukanisa abantu kuzo; misela izici zesibalo zamabhulandi nezimakethe; dala imithetho yokuhlukanisa okuqukethwe kube okungenengozi, okuphakathi, nokuphezulu; hlela imigoqo yokugunyaza ehlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa nokunyukela phezulu; hlanganisa i-SSO noma i-directory ye-HR njengomthombo wobunikazi; bese usebenzisa imvume yesikhashana neyilogi ye-audit yokuphikela. Into ngayinye izodinga ukuvumelana kwabathintekayo, ukuhlolwa, nokurekhodwa.

Ukungezwani kwabathintekayo nokuthi uzixazulule kanjani

I-RBAC idala ukungezwani phakathi kwabathintekayo. Abameli bafuna ababuyekezi abaningi. Abaphathi benkonzo becela ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa. Abaphathi bebhhrendi bafuna ukulawula imibala nezinsiza. Xazulula lokhu ngezinqubomgomo zobungozi ezibhaliwe ezichaza izinhlobo zokuqukethwe nababambiqhaza abadingekayo, bese ulinganisa umthelela phakathi kwesivinini nokuphepha.

Qala ngamaphayilothi amancane ukuze wehlise ubungozi. Qala nebhhrendi elilodwa noma umkhankaso owodwa. Linganisa isikhathi somjikelezo, inani lokunyukela phezulu, nokuvameka kokuphikela. Sebenzisa lezi zilinganiso ukulungisa imigoqo. Uma abameli beqoqa izidingo eziningi kakhulu, thatha isinqumo sokuthi ukubuyekezwa komthetho kudingeke emathempulethini amasha kodwa kungadingeki kumakhophi aphindayo emidiya asebenzisa ithempulethi evunyiwe.

Enye ingozi ukuhlukaniswa okunganele phakathi kwemigomo emaphakathi nezidingo zemakethe. Chaza ngokucacile yiziphi izinqumo ezisemaphakathi (ukubrand, izinto zomthetho, imiyalezo yomkhiqizo eyinhloko) kanye nezokuthi yiziphi izinqumo ezithathwa yizithimba zendawo (isikhathi, izindlela zokuhumusha, ukukhuthazwa okuthengisayo). Bhala le migomo bese uyifinyeleleka ku-UI yokugunyaza ukuze wonke amalungu ethimba azi lapho kudingeka ababuyekezi abaningi.

Ukukala impumelelo nokuphindaphinda

Misela izinkomba zempumelelo ngaphambi kokuqala ukushintsha izindima. Izinkomba ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa isikhathi esisuka kudrafti kuya ekushicilelweni ngokuya ngobungozi bokuqukethwe, inani lokunyukela phezulu kokugunyazwa, ukuvameka kwezicelo zemvume yesikhashana, inani lezimpendulo zokuphikela, kanye nenani lezinkinga zomthetho ezilandela ukushicilelwa. Landela lezi zinkomba ngebrendi nomkhankaso ukuze ubone lapho kusadingeka khona izinguquko.

Phinda imithetho, hhayi abantu. Uma ukubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo kutholakala kuhlobo oluthile lokuqukethwe, buza ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa noma imithetho yokugunyaza iyasebenza yini. Uma izicelo zemvume yesikhashana zikhuphuka kaningi kumsebenzi ofanayo, cabanga ukwenza le misebenzi yindima engapheli esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokukunikeza imvume yesikhashana.

Ukuzenzakalela kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali. Bheka phambili ukuze uchaze okunye okufanele ukwenze kuqala. Izindawo ezilula ukuzenzakalela ezilindelekile zifaka ukuhlinzekwa kobunikazi, imvume yesikhashana, nokuhlelwa kokugunyazwa ngokuya ngohlobo lokuqukethwe. Qala ngalezi ngaphambi kokuzenzakalela imisebenzi enenani eliphansi.

Isiphetho

I-RBAC iyithuluzi lokubusa eliyisidingo sokusebenza kwe-social media. Ezithimbeni eziphethe amabhulandi amaningi, imodeli elula yezindima ezisemthethweni kanye nezibalo ezicacile kunciphisa ukudideka futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha. Imigoqo yokugunyaza ehlukanisa okuqukethwe ivumela izithimba ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwesivinini nokulawula. Amarekhodi okubheka emuva anikeza ababameli nabahloli ubufakazi abayidingayo.

Qala kancane, linganisa, bese uphinda usebenzisa i-Governance Ladder njengemephu. Tshalela ukuhlanganiswa kobunikazi nemvume yesikhashana kusenesikhathi. Beka phambili i-UX yababuyekezi futhi wenze amarekhodi e-audit alula ukuwabuza. Ngokuklama i-RBAC ngokucophelela, izithimba zingashicilela ngokuzethemba, zinciphise imisebenzi ephindaphindiwe phakathi kwamabhulandi nezimakethe, futhi zigcine amarekhodi adingekayo kubameli nabaphathi bebhhrendi ngaphandle kokuvimba ibhizinisi.

Imihlahlandlela yokwethulwa esebenzayo. Qala nge-pilot egxile kubhrendi elilodwa, imakethe eyodwa, nohlobo olulodwa lwesiteshi. Phakathi ne-pilot, dlala zonke izinyathelo zomkhiqizo: dala, hlukanisa, hlela, gunyaza, shicilela, futhi ubhale. Qopha amaphuzu obunzima nezindawo ezihlulekile, bese usebenzisa lokho ukulungisa imithetho yokuhlukanisa nokubeka amazinga okugunyaza. Bhala imiphumela ye-pilot bese uhlele ukuhlanganyela kwamabhulandi nezimakethe kancane kancane kusekelwe ebunzima nengozi. Isibonelo, qala ngomsebenzi we-social editorial womkhiqizo owodwa, bese wengeza iziteshi ezinenzuzo ephezulu nezimakethe ezilawuliwe uma ukuhlukaniswa nokuguqulwa kwesikhathi sezinqubo sekulungele.

Isampula yolimi lokubusa izithimba ezingalusebenzisa. Inqubomgomo emfushane isebenza kangcono kunencwadi ende. Cabanga ngesitatimende sokubusa esifushane esinezinhlaka: incazelo yokuqukethwe okungenengozi, okuphakathi, nokuphezulu; izindima ezidingekayo ukuze zenze isenzo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zengozi; isikhathi sokugcina ukuvunywa nezinsalela; nenqubo yokuphikela ezimeni eziphuthumayo nokubuyekezwa emva kokushicilelwa. Isibonelo: "Okuthunyelwe kokukhangisa okungenengozi okuvela kuthempulethi evunyiwe kudinga umgunyazi wendawo oyedwa; okuqukethwe okuphakathi nengozi kudinga ukusayinwa kwebhrendi nomthetho; okuphakeme nengozi kudinga ukugunyazwa kwekhempathi futhi kumele kubhalwe isizathu esisekelayo." Gcina ulimi lucacile futhi ugweme amagama angacacile afana nokuthi "njengoba kudingeka." Sebenzisa izibonelo ukucacisa izimo ezinzima.

Ukusebenza kokukala. Misela isethi encane yezinkomba eziholayo ezikhombisa ukuthi izinguquko ze-RBAC ziyasebenza. Linganisa isikhathi esimaphakathi kusukela kudrafti kuya ekushicilelweni nge-band yengozi, iphesenti lamaposthi adinga ukunyukela phezulu, inani lezimvume zesikhashana, kanye nenani lezindaba zomthetho ngemva kokushicilelwa. Beka imigomo yephuzu lokuqala ngomkhomba ngamunye bese uyihlola ngemva kwesigaba ngasinye. Isibonelo, hlose ukwehlisa ukunyukela phezulu kwemikhankaso ethempulethiwe ngo-40% ngekota yokuqala ngemuva kokwethulwa, ngenkathi ugcina izingozi zomthetho zingaphezu kwalezo zokuqala.

Ukunakekela ukushintsha nokufundisa. I-RBAC iyinto yabantu ngaphezu kwesistimu. Xhuma izindima ezintsha nemigomo yokugunyaza ngezikrini ezibonakalayo ku-UI yokudala nokugunyaza. Qhuba izifundo ezimfishane zabadali nabagunyazi ezigxile ekwehlukaniseni nasekufakeni i-metadata edingekayo ngesicelo ngasinye. Nikeza amakhadi okushesha okufundisa ezimakethe zendawo achaza izinhlobo zokuqukethwe ezisemqoka nezilindelwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuhlanzeka kokubusa. Hlela ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwezabelo zezindima nezibalo. Zenzele imibiko ezenzakalelayo ebonisa izimvume ezisebenzayo, izicelo eziphezulu ezisezingeni, nezimvume ezindala. Qhuba ukubuyekeza kwekota kwemithetho yokuhlukanisa okuqukethwe ukuze ubone amaphutha angavela. Uma uthola ukuphuka kokuhlukaniswa, buyekeza imithetho bese uqeqesha abantu ngezinguquko. Bheka ukubusa njengehlelo eliphilayo; lungisa kancane futhi ngokuqhubekayo esikhundleni sokuguqula konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izivikelo zobuchwepheshe nokumelana nezinkinga. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zezindima nemicimbi yokugunyaza zibhalwa zombili ngobunikazi nendima ngesikhathi senzo ukuze ama-audit omlando ahlale enembile uma abantu beshintsha amaqembu. Sebenzisa amalogi angashintshi noma aqinisekiswe nge-cryptography lapho kungenzeka. Setha imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa nokutholwa kokusetshenziswa kabi kumaphoyinti okushicilela ukuze amatokheni angcolile angakwazi ukusetshenziswa ukusabalalisa okuqukethwe ngobuningi. Yenza amatoken eziteshi abe yinsiza ephathwayo futhi udinge abaphathi beziteshi ukuthi bavuselele amatoken ngezikhathi ezibekiwe.

Izinguquko zokugcina okufanele uzivume. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukubusa okuphelele akusikho konke; inhloso ukubusa okusebenzayo nokwazi ukumelana nezimo. Ukulawula kakhulu kunganciphisa ubungozi kepha kungakhipha izithimba endaweni yokusebenzela amathuluzi angaphandle uma uhlelo luthatha isikhathi noma luwubuthakathaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzimela ngokweqile kuzokhuphula ubungozi bokulawula. Thola ibhalansi efanelekile ngokulinganisa umthelela wemithetho kokubili ukuphepha nesivinini.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo. Ngemva kwe-pilot ephumelelayo, yandisa imodeli ngohlelo, uhlele ukuzenzakalela kobunikazi nokunikezwa kwezindima kusenesikhathi, bese uhlanganisa imithetho yokuhlukanisa ngokuya ngobungozi. Sebenzisa i-Governance Ladder ukuhlelela umsebenzi futhi ugweme ukuzenzakalela kwemithetho engacacile. Yenza amarekhodi e-audit abe lula ukufunwa ngabahloli futhi ugcine umjikelezo omfushane wokubuyisela nolwazi phakathi kwabameli nabaphathi bebhhrendi ukuze imodeli yokubusa ihlale ihambisana nezinguquko zomthetho.

Ngokulandelana okufanele, imigomo ecacile, nokugxila ekuhlukaniseni nasekuthuthukiseni, i-RBAC izoguquka ibe amandla enkampani akhulisa ukuhambisana nokuncintisana. Leli thuluzi likuvumela ukuthi uvumele ukuthunyelwa okuningi ngokuzethemba, unciphise imisebenzi ephindaphindiwe phakathi kwamabhulandi nezimakethe, futhi ugcine izinhlelo zokulawula ezidingekayo kubameli nabaphathi bebhhrendi ngenkathi unika ithimba lakho amandla okuphendula futhi libe nokusungula.